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PilotsNeu...Hum...
For Pilots:

How can the findings from the study help improve multitasking ability in the operational environment inside an aircraft cockpit?

Timothy K. Lam
The findings from this study inform us about the profile of brain activity associated with multitasking. For novice pilots and/or pilots who are not as proficient in multitasking, they can partake in brain training exercises or brain stimulation (discussed further in the subsequent questions) as avenues to target the brain networks involved in multitasking. While pilot performance should continue being evaluated with the established methods, the examination of a pilot’s brain activity profile while multitasking can offer supplementary information about a pilot’s ability to multitask inside an aircraft cockpit. That is, brain activity profiles that deviate from the profile of pilots who are strong at multitasking may indicate a requirement for cognitive brain training and/or brain stimulation to improve a pilot’s multitasking ability. This may help to ensure that pilots inside the aircraft cockpit are operating at peak performance.
Tax consultantsGov...Eco...
For Tax consultants:

How can the dominance of OECD countries in tax research impact the applicability of findings to non-OECD countries?

Ronald B. Davies
My fear is that what we learn from the OECD cannot be easily applied to non-OECD countries. There are massive differences in public sector capacity, including the ability to enforce tax policies. Further, the overall digitization of the economy in the global North compared to the global South means that the information availability is quite different. Together, this implies that the entire notion of what is a feasible policy is going to differ between the two groups. Then we get to the issues of differing cultural norms and different degrees of inequality, both of which suggest that the desirable tax policy is also going to be quite different in many cases. This is why we need more research done on the Global South -- to see what lessons might carry over and what issues need a completely new approach.
Manufacturing EngineerHea...Mat...
For Manufacturing Engineer:

How can the chemical etching process improve the surface quality of additive manufactured metal components?

Darren Hartl
Metal powder-bed additive manufacturing techniques exhibit exceptionally high surface finishes, around 40 to 80, and thus have prompted increased research towards enhanced surfaces. Printed surface textures can be affected by the powder particle size distribution, the heat source, the thickness of printed layers, and the orientation of a printed surface. Irregular surface textures of high amplitudes detrimentally impact fatigue performance, wear/scratch resistance, subsequent coating applications, dimensional accuracy, and aesthetical aspects. A variety of surface treatment techniques have been explored to improve these detrimental printing artifacts and finishes including machining, mechanical polishing, tumble finishing, laser blasting, sand blasting, coating, electrochemical, chemical, and hybrid methods. However, most of these methods are not applicable to geometrically complex internal features, which represent one of the most attractive capabilities of AM technologies. Inability to improve the surface roughness of internal features limits the value that AM has to offer. A remedy for the removal of rough surface features in LPBF-produced nickel–titanium was explored using electrochemical polishing in a previous work by the current authors. However, it was then acknowledged that this approach could not be well implemented for interior features with high-aspect ratios ([ 10:1 length:width) since the charged species drift to the path of least resistance, i.e., surfaces closer to the cathode are subject to more intensive reaction. Instead, purely chemical-based approaches stand out as an effective surface enhancing treatments for internal and delicate features; with a sufficient concentration of attacking species in a given solution, high-aspect ratio internal geometries should no longer pose challenges. So far, chemical-based approaches have been applied to titanium struts, biomaterial lattices, open-porous structures, stainless steel internal channels, and aluminum substrates.
Furniture ManufacturersAgr...Env...
For Furniture Manufacturers:

How does the addition of thermally treated rice husk affect the resistance to dry-wood termites in particleboard?

Fabricio Gomes Gonçalves
It is expected that there will be an increase in non-organic materials in concentrated form (gray, for example), which would make it difficult for termites to feed, in addition to the possibility of wearing out their mouthparts.
Medical ResearchersPha...Che...
For Medical Researchers:

How can machine learning-powered metadynamics be used to better understand the binding free energy of non-covalent metallodrug/DNA G-quadruplex adducts?

Prof. Alessio Gagliardi
The drug-target interaction is influenced by complex interactions which result in multidimensional binding free energy landscapes. To explore the binding modes of this interaction, the dimensions with major energy minima must be identified and explored. In general, for novel systems, there dimensions are difficult to guess and thus machine learning techniques can be used to find a good guess of these dimensions and run metadynamics to detect binding modes of the interaction.
High school science tea...Sci...Sci...
For High school science teachers:

How can the Seeing Science project be adapted to different science subjects and grade levels?

Kevin J. Pugh
The Seeing Science project is quite flexible. We recently worked with teachers who adapted the project for psychology courses and a senior capstone STEM project course. The psychology teachers focused on helping students re-see the world of people, including themselves. The capstone project teacher focused on helping students re-see the world through the the lens of scientific research. All science subject matter has the potential to transform the way we see and understand the world. The key to the Seeing Science project is to (1) help students identify interesting aspects of the world that can be re-seen through the lens of the subject matter, (2) encourage them to engage in such re-seeing in their everyday lives through meaningful activities, and (3) provide a means for the students to share their re-seeing experiences. With younger students, more scaffolding may be needed to help them identify re-seeing experience (although such scaffolding is important for older students too). Younger students may also benefit from alternative forms of sharing re-seeing experience. For example, instead of posting written descriptions of re-seeing experiences, it may be more appropriate to have younger students gather in a circle and share re-seeing experiences verbally.
ParentsSTE...Pol...
For Parents:

How does the presence of children impact married women's retention in STEM or STEM-related occupations?

Ao Shen
The odds for married women to stay in STEM or STEM-related occupations decrease when they have children.
OncologistsRad...Pha...
For Oncologists:

How does the dual-tracer PET imaging protocol compare in terms of lesion detection and tumor-to-normal ratios compared to standard [18F]FDG PET imaging?

Jianying Gu
Lesions were positive if tracer uptake exceeded that of the adjacent background tissues accompanied by abnormalities on CT, when the possibility of nonspecific findings could be excluded. Regarding lesion detection, we has only compared the number of lesions detected by dual-tracer PET and standard [18F]FDG PET using the Cochran Q test. For each lesion, the maximum tracer concentration (TCmax) in unit of Bq/mL were measured. For reference tissues, mean TC was measured. Then, the tumor-to-normal ratio (TNR) of lesions, including tumor-to-liver ratio (TLR) and tumor-to-blood ratio (TBR), were calculated by dividing the TCmax of lesions with the mean TC of the liver and blood pool, respectively. Finally, these TNRs were compared among dual-tracer PET (including PETD30–40 and PETD50–60) and standard [18F]FDG PET using one-way ANOVA with repeated measures or the Freidman test depending on the normality of variables confirmed by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The Bonferroni corrections were applied for the pairwise post-hoc comparisons.
Educational Technology ...Ins...Per...
For Educational Technology Professionals:

How did the use of different instructional design models impact the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills among computer science students?

Sacip Toker
• The study analyzed the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills among computer science students enrolled in an instructional design course. • Two instructional design models were used: the Rapid Prototyping Model (RPM) and the Dick and Carey Model (DCM). • The RPM group showed significant improvements in their perceived problem-solving skills, particularly in their confidence in undertaking tasks. • The DCM group perceived significant improvements in their disposition to critical thinking, particularly in self-confidence and analyticity. • The Openness to Experience trait and Extraversion were found to be significant covariances on the self-confidence sub-factor of both skills. • The study suggests that different instructional design models can have varying impacts on the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills among computer science students.
OncologistsPha...Ova...
For Oncologists:

What is the significance of miR-296-3p overexpression in CAF-derived EVs for ovarian cancer progression and how can it be targeted for therapeutic purposes?

Chunyu Zhang
Our results suggest that miR-296-3p encapsulated in CAF-derived EVs may be a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Typically, miRNA have been loaded into EVs in which delivery into recipient cells can be validated using luciferase gene-expression-based assays. Natively produced EVs from plasma can also be modified to contain therapeutic cargo. EVs modification using electroporation or nanotechnology inhibits the expression of miR-296-3p in vivo, thereby restoring the expression of its targets.
Electric vehicle manufa...Bat...Mat...
For Electric vehicle manufacturers:

How can the use of flexible sodium metal anodes improve the performance and durability of batteries in electric vehicles?

Xiaoxuan Ma
For our team's research, there are three ways to directly improve performance and durability of batteries in electric vehicles. The first more effective way is a reasonable combination of gold or metallic tin.The second way is to adjust the electrolyte, many electrolytes such as ionic liquids, cationic additives can also be effectively enhanced.Third, surface coverings such as artificial SEI film can also achieve better results.I think there should be several ways to work together in industrial applications.
Battery engineersBat...Che...
For Battery engineers:

How does the dual modification strategy affect the electrochemical performance of lithium-rich layered oxides?

Jun Ma
In this paper, the unique advantages of Li2CO3 coating include: (1) the amorphous Li2CO3 coating has better compatibility with lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs), and it will not be repelled by LLOs during long cycles. (2) The Li2CO3 coating in this paper is formed by the reaction between carbon dioxide and lithium hydroxide on the surface of LLOs, which can effectively reduce the residual lithium hydroxide on the surface of LLOs, and reduce the corrosion ability of lithium hydroxide on LLOs. (3) The Li2CO3 coating can act as a physical barrier to isolate the electrode from the electrolyte, thereby inhibiting undesirable interface side reactions. Based on the above functions of the Li2CO3 coating, this will greatly improve the stability of LLOs during the electrochemical long cycle.
Commercial FishermenCoa...Mar...
For Commercial Fishermen:

How does the variability in sea level and temperature in the Chesapeake Bay affect the abundance and distribution of fish species they target?

Tal Ezer
The study did not address fish species issues, but climatic changes in temperature and sea level rise will affect marsh fish communities and the ecosystem in this and other bays.
Small business ownersSol...Ene...
For Small business owners:

How can distributed generation impact the power factor of my business's electrical system?

Zedequias Machado Alves
O sistema elétrico da empresa não será impactado. Quando a geração de energia ativa for igual ou maior ao consumo da empresa, a empresa utilizará a energia ativa da geração e a energia reativa da rede. Se a concessionária de energia cobrar multa por baixo fator de potência será um problema pois na medição o seu fator de potência será quase nulo. Caso a concessionária não cobre multa de reativo, este excesso de reativo prejudicará apenas a rede da concessionária e não a sua empresa.
Chemical EngineersPha...Env...
For Chemical Engineers:

How can the dual state emission of chiral binaphthyl-based triphenylethylene derivatives be utilized in the development of new sensing technologies?

Dr. Ziping Cao
The dual-state emission of chiral binaphthyl-based triphenylethylene derivatives offers a versatile platform for the development of new sensing technologies with applications in chiral recognition, fluorescence-based detection, and bioimaging. (1) Chiral recognition: The dual-state emission properties can be used for chiral recognition of molecules. By designing specific chiral binaphthyl-based triphenylethylene derivatives that exhibit different emission properties in different chiral environments, these molecules can be used as chiral sensors for detecting and distinguishing between enantiomers. (2) Fluorescence-based sensing platforms: The dual-state emission can be integrated into fluorescence-based sensing platforms for the detection of various analytes such as metal ions, biomolecules, or pollutants. By functionalizing the chiral binaphthyl-based triphenylethylene derivatives with specific recognition units, they can selectively bind to the target analytes and produce a change in their emission properties, enabling sensitive detection. (3) Bioimaging applications: The dual-state emission properties can be utilized for bioimaging applications where the molecules can be used as fluorescent probes for imaging specific biological targets. By tuning the emission properties of the molecules to respond to specific biomolecules or cellular environments, they can be used for real-time monitoring and imaging of biological processes.
Civil EngineersCon...Mat...
For Civil Engineers:

How does the addition of basalt fiber affect the compressive and splitting tensile strength of reactive powder concrete under different curing systems?

Lincai Ge
The addition of basalt fibers can significantly improve the compressive and tensile strength of RPC, but the improvement effect is not as good as steel fibers. Hot curing can enhance the hydration process of RPC and shorten the curing age. However, after hot curing, the growth effect is still the best, and there is not much difference between standard curing and natural curing.
Manufacturing TechniciansInd...Pro...
For Manufacturing Technicians:

How can AR instructions be optimized for different types of complex assembly tasks?

Shuxia Wang
During the assembly guidance process, adjustments to AR instructions can be made based on evolving users’ demands. The discussion of experimental results in the paper predicts the AR instruction demands for two types of complex assembly tasks. It is recommended that for repetitive complex assembly tasks, the use of AR instructions with the digital information overlaid on the physical object should be continued, with an emphasis on enhancing the clarity and readability of instructional information to reduce user cognitive load. For non-repetitive complex assembly tasks, as users gain experience, a gradual reduction in the provision of AR instructions is feasible. However, due to individual variations, it is still advisable to tailor the content and speed reduction of AR instructions according to real-time changes in individual user demands.
Environmental NGOsEnv...Mar...
For Environmental NGOs:

How can the findings of this study be used to advocate for better waste management practices in industrial and urban areas?

Houria Athmani
The results of this study, entitled "Trace metal contamination in the sediments of Algiers Bay", highlight significant trace metal contamination in marine sediments of continental origin (urban and industrial waste). The data can raise awareness among the public and decision-makers, who can establish stricter political and regulations to reduce industrial and urban pollution and develop more effective and ecologically responsible waste management strategies.
Environmental EngineersChe...Air...
For Environmental Engineers:

How does the use of a rotating packed bed (RPB) impact the efficiency of NO removal by aqueous persulfate in wet flue gas denitrification?

Guisheng Qi
Sulfate radical and hydroxyl radical utilization are difficult to further enhance due to the low micro-mixing efficiency and ·SO4-/·OH -NO mass transfer in conventional reactors. RPB (a HiGee process intensification technology) is an ideal means of enhancing the formation and utilization of ·SO4- and •OH by intensifying the processes of the micro-mixing and mass transfer. The high-speed rotation of the packing leads to the formation of large amounts of thinner films and tiny droplets in RPB reactors. The formation of these liquid films greatly improves the effective mass transfer surface area. It also intensifies the ·SO4-/·OH -NO mass transfer by enhancing the mass transfer coefficient. The increased areas for ·SO4-/·OH -NO mass transfer improve the possibility of reactions between NO and ·SO4-/·OH on the surface of the liquid film. High-frequency renewal of the liquid film skyrockets the concentration gradient of •OH and ·SO4- in the liquid film, which accelerates the diffusion of •OH and ·SO4- from the liquid bulk to the phase interface. The radicals are liable to be utilized while produced in the RPB, and the utilization efficiency of radicals is greatly improved. Besides, the high gravity condition makes the reaction between ·SO4-/·OH and NO more competitive than these side reactions.
EndocrinologistsPha...Dia...
For Endocrinologists:

What are the specific mechanisms by which CDK5 upregulation leads to islet β-cell damage under high glucose conditions?

Yali Zheng
Thank you very much for your question. The up-regulation of CDK5 mainly causes cell damage by inducing inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis of islet β cells. This process may be regulated through the NGF/Sirt1 axis, which we are currently investigating.